ASTM A 182/A 182M – 96: Forged or Rolled Alloy – Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature Service
ASTM A 182/A 182M – 96
Forged or Rolled Alloy – Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature Service
This specification covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. These include flanges, fittings, valves and similar parts manufactured to dimensional standards such as ASME/ANSI. Products made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10,000 lb (4,540 kg).
Note
– Although low allow steels are covered by this standard, only stainless steels (martensitic, ferritic, austenitic and duplex) are included in this summary.
Dimensions and Tolerances
-
Dimensions and Tolerances. ASME/ANSI specifications B16.5 and B16.11 are referenced. – Flange Dimensions and Tolerances
are covered in Section 8 (see page 8-1).
Manufacture
-
Materials. Refer to chemical composition table. (stainless steel grades only shown). Elements not specified in the table are not permitted, specifically selenium or other elements added for free-machining properties.
-
The steel may be melted by electric-furnace, or vacuum-furnace, or by either of these followed by vacuum or electroslag- consumable remelting. Vacuum melting or remelting is not suitable for grades containing or modified by nitrogen. Grade F XM-27Cb may be electron-beam melted.
-
Manufacture. The steel is forged or rolled as near as possible to size and shape of the product. Small cylindrical parts (excluding flanges) may be machined directly from forged or rolled bar without additional hot working (limits defined in ASTM A 234 apply for martensitic steels, in A 403 for austenitic steels and A 815 for duplex steels). Elbows, returns and tees are not machined directly from bar.
-
Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table. Heat treatment of forgings may be performed before machining. For martensitic and ferritic grades, liquid quench followed by tempering is permitted, subject to purchaser agreement. Small cylindrical parts (excluding flanges) machined directly from forged or rolled austenitic steel may be furnished annealed to this specification with subsequent light cold drawing or straightening permitted. (See also S9).
-
Marking. Each forging is marked with manufacturers name, heat number (or heat identification), designation of service rating, specification number, grade (e.g. F 304) and size. Additionally: QT = Liquid quenched and tempered W = Welded WNS = Not post repair weld heat treated.
Finish and Repair
-
Appearance. Forgings have a workmanlike finish and shall be free of scale, machining burns and injurous, imperfections (i.e. those that encroach on minimum wall thickness).
-
Defect repair by grinding or machining. The following may be removed:
-
Surface discontinuity as above.
-
Mechanical marks, abrasions or pits deeper than 1/16 in (1.6 mm).
-
-
Defect repair by welding:
-
Permitted unless purchaser prohibits (S7).
-
Defect removal by chipping or grinding is verified by magnetic particle inspection.
-
Repair is limited to 10% of surface area and 331/3% of nominal wall thickness.
-
Repair welding electrodes and post weld repair heat treatments are defined in A 182 but are not detailed in this summary.
Ordering Information
Item
Notes
Specification number
ASTM A 182/A 182M – 96
Quantity
Number of fittings
Size and pressure class
or dimensions
Manufacturing standard (e.g. ASME/ANSI B16.5, B16.11)
Grade
Refer to chemical composition table
Additional Requirements
See optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S15
Mandatory Testing
-
-
Heat analysis. Each heat or furnace ladle of steel to be analysed. Results to conform to chemical composition table.
-
Tension Test. One specimen tested from each heat. Specimen to be heat treated with the product.
-
Hardness Test. Applicable to martensitic, ferritic and duplex stainless steels only. Two pieces tested per batch, minimum.
-
Grain Size. Applicable to the following grades.
-
Grades F304H, F309H, F310H and F316H shall be No 6 or coarser.
-
Grade F321H, F347H and F348H shall be No 7 or coarser.
Optional and Supplementary Requirements
-
-
Approval of Drawings. Manufacturer may be required to submit drawings showing rough forging before machining and exact location of test specimen.
-
Inspection by Purchaser. The purchaser may inspect the manufacture and testing of products, provided inspection does not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations.
-
S1 Micro-etch. A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched to show flow lines and internal imperfections. Test details to be agreed with purchaser.
-
S1 Product Analysis. A product analysis made from one representative forging of each size and shape. Each forging checked following failure. Test results reported to purchaser.
-
S1 Tension Tests. One tension specimen obtained from specified location on one representative forging from each heat as agreed with purchaser.
-
S1 Magnetic Particle Examination. All accessible surfaces of the finished forging to be examined in accordance with Test Method A 275/A 275M, as agreed with purchaser.
-
S1 Liquid Penetrant Examination. All accessible surfaces to be examined in accordance with Practice E 165, as agreed with the purchaser.
-
S1 Hydrostatic Testing. Pressure agreed with purchaser.
-
S1 Repair Welding. No repair welding to be permitted without approval of the purchaser.
-
S1 Heat Treatment Details. Test report details of heat treating cycle required.
-
S1 Material for Optimum Resistance to Stress- Corrosion Cracking. Austenitic stainless steel to be furnished in solution- annealed condition with no subsequent cold working. Straightening of bars from which parts are machined is permitted unless prohibited by purchaser.
-
S1 Corrosion Tests. Austenitic and ferritic stainless steels shall pass intergranular corrosion tests in accordance with Practice E of Practice A 262. The number of specimens and their source and location are to be agreed with purchaser.
-
S1 Special Filler Metal. In repair welded F316, F316L, F316H, and F316N forgings, the deposited weld metal shall conform to E308 composition wire. Forgings repair welded with E308 weld metal shall be marked F W308.
-
S1 Hardness Test. Each forging to be tested to meet requirements of hardness table.
-
S1 Alternate Heat Treatment (Grade F91). Nonstainless grade F91 is not covered in this summary.
-
S1 Heat Treatment of Austenitic Forgings. Treatment specified by purchaser. Test report to be supplied by manufacturer.
-
S1 Grain Size for Austenitic Grades. Forgings made from austenitic grades other than H grades to be tested in accordance with Test Method E 112 for average grain size as agreed with purchaser.
Tensile and Hardness Requirements
Grade
UNS
Tensile Streng min
th
Yield Strength1min
Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D, min
Reduction of area, min
Brinell Hardness HB
ksi
MPa
ksi
MPa
%
%
Martensitic Stainless Steels:
F6a Class 1
S41000
70
485
40
275
18
35.0
143-187
F6a Class 2
S41000
85
585
55
380
18
35.0
167-229
F6a Class 3
S41000
110
760
85
585
15
35.0
235-302
F6a Class 4
S41000
130
895
110
760
12
35.0
263-321
F6b
S41026
110-135
760-930
90
620
16
45.0
235-285
F6NM
S41500
115
790
90
620
15
45.0
295 max
Ferritic Stainless Steels:
FXM- 27Cb
S44627
60
415
35
240
20.0
45.0
190 max
F429
S42900
60
415
35
240
20.0
45.0
190 max
F430
S43000
60
415
35
240
20.0
45.0
190 max
Austenitic Stainless Steels:
All
All
752
5152
30
205
30
50
–
F304L
S30403
703
4853
25
170
30
50
–
F304N
S30451
80
550
35
240
304
505
–
F316L
S31603
70
485
25
170
30
50
–
F316N
S31651
80
550
35
240
304
505
–
F317L
S31703
70
485
25
170
30
50
–
FXM – 11F
S21904
90
620
50
345
45
60
–
FXM- 19
S20910
100
690
55
380
35
55
–
F10
S33100
80
550
30
205
30
50
–
F44
S31254
94
650
44
300
35
50
–
F45
S30815
87
600
45
310
40
50
–
F46
S30600
78
540
35
240
40.0
50.0
–
F47
S31725
75
525
30
205
40.0
50.0
–
F48
S31726
80
550
35
240
40.0
50.0
–
F49
S34565
115
795
60
415
35
40
–
F56
S33228
73
500
27
185
30
35
–
Duplex Stainless Steels
F50
S31200
100-
130
690-900
65
450
25
50
–
F51
S31803
90
620
65
450
25
45
–
F52
S32950
100
690
70
485
15
–
–
F53
S32750
1166
8006
806
5506
15
–
310 max
F54
S32740
116
800
80
550
15
30
310 max
F55
S32760
109-
130
750-895
80
550
25.0
45
–
F57
S39277
118
820
85
585
25
50
–
Notes
1 Determined by the 0.2% offset method. For ferritic steels only, the 0.5% extension-under-load method may also be used. 2 For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 70 ksi [485 MPa].
3 For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 65 ksi [450 MPa]. 4 Longitudinal. The transverse elongation shall be 25% in 2 in. or 50 mm, min.
-
Longitudinal. The transverse reduction of area shall be 45% min.
-
For sections over 2 in. [50 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 109 ksi [750 MPa]; the minimum yield strength shall be 75 ksi [515 MPa].
-
All = All austenitic grades as listed in the chemical composition table except as identified in this table.
Heat Treatment
Temperature
Cooling Media
Quench Cool below
Tempering Temp
Grade
UNS
Heat Treatment
°F min
°C
min
°F
°C
°F min
°C min
Martensitic Stainless Steels:
F6a Class 1
S41000
Anneal Normalise
& temper Temper
NS NS NS
NS NS NS
Furnace Cool Air Cool NA
NA 400 NA
NA 205 NA
NA 1325 1325
NA 725
725
F6a Class 2
S41000
Anneal Normalise
& temper Temper
NS NS NS
NS NS NS
Furnace Cool Air Cool NA
NA 400 NA
NA 205 NA
NA 1250 1250
NA 675
675
F6a Class 3
S41000
Anneal Normalise
& temper
NS NS
NS NS
Furnace Cool Air Cool
NA 400
NA 205
NA 1100
NA 595
F6a Class 4
S41000
Anneal Normalise
& temper
NS NS
NS NS
Furnace Cool Air Cool
NA 400
NA 205
NA 1000
NA 540
F6b
S41026
Anneal Normalise
& temper
1750
1750
955
955
Furnace Cool Air Cool
NA 400
NA 205
NA 1150
NA 620
F6NM
S41500
Normalise & temper
1850
1010
Air Cool
200
95
1040-1120
560-600
Ferritic Stainless Steels:
FXM- 27Cb
S44627
Anneal
1850
1010
Furnace Cool
NA
NA
NA
NA
F429
S42900
Anneal
1850
1010
Furnace Cool
NA
NA
NA
NA
F430
S43000
Anneal
NS
NS
Furnace Cool
NA
NA
NA
NA
Austenitic Stainless Steels1:
All
All
Solution treat & quench
1900
1040
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F321H
S32109
Solution treat & quench
1925
1050
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F347H
S34709
Solution treat & quench
1925
1050
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F348H
S34809
Solution treat & quench
2000
1100
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F44
S31254
Solution treat & quench
2100
1150
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F46
S30600
Solution treat & quench
2010-
2140
1100-
1140
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F49
S34565
Solution treat & quench
2050
1120
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F56
S33228
Solution treat & quench
2050-
2160
1120-
1180
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
Duplex Stainless Steels:
F50
S31200
Solution treat & quench
1925
1050
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F51
S31803
Solution treat & quench
1870
1020
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F52
S32950
Solution treat2& quench
1825-
1875
995-
1025
Water
NS
NS
NA
NA
F53
S32750
Solution treat & quench
1880
1025
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F54
S32740
Solution treat & quench
1920-
2060
1050-
1125
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F55
S32760
Solution treat & quench
2010-
2085
1100-
1140
Liquid
500
260
NA
NA
F57
S39277
Solution treat & quench
1940
1060
Liquid
175
80
NA
NA
Notes
-
Austenitic grades (except grades F304H, F316H, F321, F321H, F347, F347H, F348, F348H) may be individually quenched following hot working of a forging while its temperature is not less than the minimum solution treating temperature.
-
Solution treated for 30 min/in of thickness, at temperature within range as stated in table.
-
-
NA = Not Applicable.
-
NS = Not Specified.
-
All = All austenitic grades as listed in the chemical composition table except as identified.
-
Post weld repair heat treatment is not covered in this summary. Refer to the full specification for these details. Duplex grades do not require post weld repair heat treatment.
-
Chemical Composition
|
Grade |
UNS |
&DUERn C |
0DQJDQHVe Mn |
3KRVSKRUXs P |
6XOSKXr S |
6LOLFRn Si Composition Percentage, max or range |
1LFNHl Ni |
&KURPLXm Cr |
0RO\EGHQXm Mo |
Note |
|
Martensitic Stainless Steels: |
||||||||||
|
F6a |
S41000 |
0.15 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
0.50 |
11.5-13.5 |
– |
|
|
F6b |
S41026 |
0.15 |
1.00 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
1.0 |
1.0-2.0 |
11.5-13.5 |
0.40-0.60 |
1 |
|
F6NM |
S41500 |
0.05 |
0.50-1.00 |
0.030 |
0.030 |
0.60 |
3.5-5.5 |
11.5-14.0 |
0.5-1.0 |
|
|
Ferritic Stainless Steels: |
||||||||||
|
FXM-27Cb |
S44627 |
0.01 |
0.40 |
0.020 |
0.020 |
0.40 |
0.50 |
25.0-27.5 |
0.75-1.50 |
2 |
|
F429 |
S42900 |
0.12 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
0.50 |
14.0-16.0 |
– |
|
|
F430 |
S43000 |
0.12 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
0.50 |
16.0-18.0 |
– |
|
|
Austenitic Stainless Steels: |
||||||||||
|
F304 |
S30400 |
0.08 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
8.0-11.0 |
18.0-20.0 |
– |
19 |
|
F304H |
S30409 |
0.04- 0.10 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
8.0-11.0 |
18.0-20.0 |
– |
|
|
F304L |
S30403 |
0.035 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
8.0-13.0 |
18.0-20.0 |
– |
19 |
|
F304N |
S30451 |
0.08 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
8.0-10.5 |
18.0-20.0 |
– |
20 |
|
F304LN |
S30453 |
0.030 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
8.0-10.5 |
18.0-20.0 |
– |
20 |
|
F310 |
S31000 |
0.15 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
19.0-22.0 |
24.0-26.0 |
– |
|
|
F316 |
S31600 |
0.08 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
10.0-14.0 |
16.0-18.0 |
2.00-3.00 |
19 |
|
F316H |
S31609 |
0.04- 0.10 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
10.0-14.0 |
16.0-18.0 |
2.00-3.00 |
|
|
F316L |
S31603 |
0.035 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
10.0-15.0 |
16.0-18.0 |
2.00-3.00 |
19 |
|
F316N |
S31651 |
0.08 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
11.0-14.0 |
16.0-18.0 |
2.00-3.00 |
20 |
|
F316LN |
S31653 |
0.030 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
11.0-14.0 |
16.0-18.0 |
2.00-3.00 |
20 |
|
F317 |
S31700 |
0.08 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
11.0-15.0 |
18.0-20.0 |
3.0-4.0 |
|
|
F317L |
S31703 |
0.03 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
11.0-15.0 |
18.0-20.0 |
3.0-4.0 |
|
|
F321 |
S32100 |
0.080 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
9.0-12.0 |
17.0 |
– |
21 |
|
F321H |
S32109 |
0.04- 0.10 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
9.0-12.0 |
17.0 |
– |
22 |
|
F347 |
S34700 |
0.08 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
9.0-13.0 |
17.0-20.0 |
– |
23 |
|
F347H |
S34709 |
0.04- 0.10 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
9.0-13.0 |
17.0-20.0 |
– |
24 |
|
F348 |
S34800 |
0.08 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
9.0-13.0 |
17.0-20.0 |
– |
3,23 |
|
F348H |
S34809 |
0.04- 0.10 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
9.0-13.0 |
17.0-20.0 |
– |
3,24 |
|
FXM-11 |
S21904 |
0.040 |
8.0-10.0 |
0.060 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
5.5-7.5 |
19.0-21.5 |
– |
4 |
|
FXM-19 |
S20910 |
0.06 |
4.0-6.0 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
11.5-13.5 |
20.5-23.5 |
1.50-3.00 |
5 |
|
F10 |
S33100 |
0.10- 0.20 |
0.50-0.80 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
1.00-1.40 |
19.0-22.0 |
7.0-9.0 |
||
|
F44 |
S31254 |
0.020 |
1.00 |
0.030 |
0.010 |
0.80 |
17.5-18.5 |
19.5-20.5 |
6.0-6.5 |
6 |
|
F45 |
S30815 |
0.05- 0.10 |
0.80 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
1.40-2.00 |
10.0-12.0 |
20.0-22.0 |
7 |
|
|
F46 |
S30600 |
0.018 |
2.00 |
0.020 |
0.020 |
3.7-4.3 |
14.0-15.5 |
17.0-18.5 |
0.20 |
|
|
F47 |
S31725 |
0.030 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
13.0-17.5 |
18.0-20.0 |
4.0-5.0 |
8 |
|
F48 |
S31726 |
0.030 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
0.75 |
13.5-17.5 |
17.0-20.0 |
4.0-5.0 |
9 |
|
F49 |
S34565 |
0.030 |
5.0-7.0 |
0.030 |
0.010 |
1.00 |
16.0-18.0 |
23.0-25.0 |
4.0-5.0 |
10 |
|
F56 |
S33228 |
0.04- 0.08 |
1.00 |
0.020 |
0.015 |
0.30 |
31.0-33.0 |
26.0-28.0 |
– |
11 |
|
Duplex Stainless Steels |
||||||||||
|
F50 |
S31200 |
0.030 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
5.5-6.5 |
24.0-26.0 |
1.2-2.0 |
12 |
|
F51 |
S31803 |
0.030 |
2.00 |
0.030 |
0.020 |
1.00 |
4.5-6.5 |
21.0-23.0 |
2.5-3.5 |
13 |
|
F52 |
S32950 |
0.03 |
2.00 |
0.035 |
0.010 |
0.60 |
3.5-5.2 |
26.0-29.0 |
1.00-2.50 |
14 |
|
F53 |
S32750 |
0.030 |
1.2 |
0.035 |
0.020 |
0.8 |
6.0-8.0 |
24.0-26.0 |
3.0-5.0 |
15 |
|
F54 |
S39274 |
0.030 |
1.0 |
0.030 |
0.020 |
0.80 |
6.0-8.0 |
24.0-26.0 |
2.50-3.50 |
16 |
|
F55 |
S32760 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
0.030 |
0.010 |
1.00 |
6.00-8.00 |
24.00- 26.00 |
3.00-4.00 |
17 |
|
F57 |
S39277 |
0.025 |
0.80 |
0.025 |
0.002 |
0.80 |
6.5-8.0 |
24.0-26.0 |
3.0-4.0 |
18 |
|
Product Analysis TolerancesA (% over max or under min) |
0.005 if <0.030, 0.01 if <0.20 |
<1.00, <3.00, <6.00, <10.00 |
0.005 |
0.005 |
0.05 if <1.00, 0.10 if <5.00 |
0.03 if <1.00, 0.07 if <5.00, 0.10 if <10.00, 0.15 if <20.00, 0.20 if <22.00 |
0.10 if <10.00, 0.15 if <15.00, 0.20 if <20, 0.25 if <27.50 |
0.03 if <0.60, 0.05 if <2.00, 0.10 if <7.00 |
25 |
|
Note
A The product analysis tolerances are not applicable to heat analysis.
Composition Notes
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Copper 0.50% max
-
Nitrogen 0.015% max, Copper 0.20% max, Niobium 0.05-0.20%
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Tantalum 0.10% max
4 Nitrogen 0.15-0.40%
5 Niobium+Tantalum: 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30%
6 Nitrogen 0.18-0.22%, Copper 0.50-1.00%
7 Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08%
8 Nitrogen 0.10% max
9 Nitrogen 0.10-0.20%
-
Niobium+Tantalum: 0.10% max, Nitrogen 0.4-0.6%
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Niobium+Tantalum: 0.6-1.0%, Cerium 0.05-0.10%, Aluminium 0.025% max
12 Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%
13 Nitrogen 0.08-0.20%
14 Nitrogen 0.15-0.35%
15 Nitrogen 0.24-0.32%, Copper 0.5% max
16 Nitrogen 0.24-0.32%, Copper 0.20-0.80%, Tungsten 1.50-2.50%
17 Nitrogen 0.20-0.30%, Copper 0.50-1.00%, Tungsten 0.50-1.00%
18 Nitrogen 0.23-0.33%, Copper 1.20-2.00%, Tungsten 0.80-1.20%
19 Nitrogen 0.10% max
20 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16%
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Titanium >5 x Carbon and Ti <0.70%
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Titanium >4 x Carbon and Ti <0.70%
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Niobium + Tantalum >10 times Carbon and 1.10% max 24 Niobium + Tantalum >8 times Carbon and 1.10% max
25 Tolerances (% over max or under min) for other elements are as follows:
0.05 for Titanium
0.03 for Copper if <1.00%
-
for Nitrogen if <0.19%
-
for Nitrogen if <0.25%
-
for Nitrogen if <0.35%
-
for Nitrogen if <0.45%
-
for Nitrogen if <0.60%
0.01 for Niobium if in range 0.05-0.20%
0.05 for Niobium+Tantalum in all ranges
0.02 for Tantalum if <0.10%
0.04 for Tungsten if <1.00%
Note
– Niobium is sometimes referred to as Columbium.
